《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》

以巨柏(Cupressus gigantea)2年生播种苗为材料,研究指数施肥(EF)、2倍指数施肥(DEF)、平均施肥(CF)对巨柏苗生长及光合作用的影响.结果表明:施肥后巨柏苗苗高、地径、生物量、新生根总根长、表面积、体积均明显高于不施肥对照(CK).不同施肥方式下巨柏苗的苗高、地径、生物量等均在EF时显著高于CF和DEF时,其中EF时地上、地下鲜质量和地上、地下干质量分别较CK时增加了592.34%,71.10%,461.39%和168.89%.EF时新生根长度最大,为1 464.78 cm,较CK时增加了68.20%,CF和DEF时新生根总根长较CK时分别增加了34.45%和15.47%.CK、CF和DEF时净光合速率日变化均在10:00出现第一个峰值,14:00出现最大峰值; EF时净光合速率日变化峰值出现在14:00,且显著高于其他3组处理.巨柏苗的日均净光合速率和水分利用效率在EF和DEF时显著高于CF和CK时.巨柏苗在不同施肥条件下的光响应曲线差异明显,EF时苗木的光补偿点最小,约为CK时的63.37%,表观量子效率在EF时最大,CK时最小,可见EF可增强巨柏苗对弱光的利用; 但各处理下光饱和点差异不大,均在1 400 μmol/(m2·s)左右时达到饱和.综上,采用EF能有效促进巨柏苗生长、生根及光合作用能力,各方面表现最佳.

Objective: Cupressus gigantea is an evergreen tree species endemic to Tibet. Because of its small number of individuals and narrow distribution area, it has become an endangered tree species under national first-class key protection. High quality seedlings are needed in the process of vigorously collecting seeds and raising seedlings and building artificial forest. Scientific fertilization can effectively improve the quality of seedlings and avoid environmental pollution caused by excess fertilizer. Nitrogen is one of the most important limiting nutrients during tree growth.
Methods: 2-year-old seedlings of Cupressus gigantea were used as experimental materials, and the fertilization experiment was carried out by potting. There are four treatments: index fertilization, double index fertilization, average fertilization, and no fertilization (control). The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and photosynthesis of aboveground and underground new roots of giant cypress seedlings were studied.
Results: The results suggested that after fertilization, the seedling height, ground diameter, biomass, total root length, surface area and volume of new roots were significantly higher than those of the control. Among the different fertilization treatments, the seedling height, ground diameter and biomass of C. gigantea under the exponential fertilization were significantly higher than those under the average fertilization and double exponential fertilization, and the biomass under the exponential fertilization was about 5 times that of the control. The maximum length of new root was 1464.78 cm under the exponential fertilization, which increased by 70% compared with that of control. The length of new roots increased by 35% and 15%, respectively, under the average fertilization and double exponential fertilization compared with that of no fertilization. The first peak value of net photosynthetic rate of the control, average fertilization and double exponential fertilization appeared at 10:00, and the maximum value appeared at 14:00. The peak value of net photosynthetic rate of the exponential fertilization appeared at 14:00, which was significantly higher than the values of the other three treatments. The average daily net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of C. gigantea seedlings under the exponential fertilization and double exponential fertilization were significantly higher than those of the average fertilization and control. The light compensation point of seedlings under the exponential fertilization was the smallest, which was about 1/2 of the control. The apparent quantum efficiency was the largest under the exponential fertilization and the smallest of the control. It is evident that exponential fertilization could enhance the utilization of weak light. However, there was no significant difference in the light saturation point among the treatments, which reached the saturation point at about 1400 μmol/(m2•s).
Conclusion: Fertilization was beneficial to improve the growth of C. gigantea seedlings, nutrient accumulation and new root growth, among which the promotion effect of index fertilization was the most significant. Exponential fertilization is beneficial to improve the photosynthetic capacity of C. gigantea seedlings. There is little difference in the utilization of strong light among various fertilization treatments, but the utilization of weak light can be significantly enhanced after index fertilization. It can be seen that exponential fertilization can effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of C. gigantea seedlings, which is conducive to the formation and accumulation of photosynthetic products and thereby promotes the growth of seedlings. However, for the precise cultivation of C. gigantea seedlings, it is necessary to carry out long-term and continuous experiments on the rational application of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and their couplings with water, so as to provide a basis for the production of large-scale high-quality and strong seedlings in the field.

引言
1 材料与方法
2 结果与分析
3 讨论与结论

表1 不同施肥处理的施肥量<br/>Tab.1 Amount of fertilizer in different fertilization treatments　mg/株

表1 不同施肥处理的施肥量
Tab.1 Amount of fertilizer in different fertilization treatments　mg/株

表2 不同施肥方式对巨柏苗苗高和地径的影响<br/>Tab.2 Effects of different fertilization methods on height and ground diameter of C.gigantea seedlings

表2 不同施肥方式对巨柏苗苗高和地径的影响
Tab.2 Effects of different fertilization methods on height and ground diameter of C.gigantea seedlings

表3 不同施肥方式对巨柏苗生物量的影响<br/>Tab.3 Effects of different fertilization methods on biomass of C.gigantea seedlings

表3 不同施肥方式对巨柏苗生物量的影响
Tab.3 Effects of different fertilization methods on biomass of C.gigantea seedlings

表4 不同施肥方式对巨柏苗新生根生长的影响<br/>Tab.4 Effects of different fertilization methods on new root growth of C.gigantea seedlings

表4 不同施肥方式对巨柏苗新生根生长的影响
Tab.4 Effects of different fertilization methods on new root growth of C.gigantea seedlings

图1 不同施肥处理下巨柏苗光合主要特征值的日进程<br/>Fig.1 Daily process of main photosynthetic characteristic values of C.gigantea seedlings at different fertilization treatments

图1 不同施肥处理下巨柏苗光合主要特征值的日进程
Fig.1 Daily process of main photosynthetic characteristic values of C.gigantea seedlings at different fertilization treatments

表5 不同施肥处理下巨柏苗主要光合特征值的日均值<br/>Tab.5 Daily average values of main photosynthetic characteristic values of C.gigantea seedlings at different fertilization treatments

表5 不同施肥处理下巨柏苗主要光合特征值的日均值
Tab.5 Daily average values of main photosynthetic characteristic values of C.gigantea seedlings at different fertilization treatments

图2 不同施肥处理下巨柏苗WUE的日进程<br/>Fig.2 Daily process of WUE of C.gigantea seedlings at different fertilization treatments

图2 不同施肥处理下巨柏苗WUE的日进程
Fig.2 Daily process of WUE of C.gigantea seedlings at different fertilization treatments

图3 不同施肥处理下巨柏苗的光响应曲线<br/>Fig.3 Light response curve of C.gigantea seedlings at different fertilization treatments

图3 不同施肥处理下巨柏苗的光响应曲线
Fig.3 Light response curve of C.gigantea seedlings at different fertilization treatments

表6 巨柏苗Pn-PAR光响应曲线的主要参数<br/>Tab.6 Main parameters of the Pn-PAR curve of C.gigantea seedlings

表6 巨柏苗Pn-PAR光响应曲线的主要参数
Tab.6 Main parameters of the Pn-PAR curve of C.gigantea seedlings

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备注

引言

1 材料与方法

2 结果与分析

3 讨论与结论

学报简介