《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》

为研究农田防护林网在全年的时间尺度上对不同方向有害风的综合防护效能,在野外实地观测不同风向(与主林带夹角分别为90.0°,67.5°,45.0°,22.5°和0°)和风速(5.2和7.3 m/s)条件下的林网内防风效能,根据各风向有害风发生频率计算数学期望值,利用克里金(Kriging)插值法进行模拟,并用地统计学的方法分析防护林网的空间自相关性.结果表明:防护林对不同风向的风均有较强的防护作用,随着风向与主林带夹角的减小,平均风速呈现出增大的趋势,防风效能分别达到69.5%,66.2%,60.4%,59.8%和50.1%; 不同风速条件下防风效能均达到50%以上,低风速和高风速时平均有效防护面积分别为90.1%和44.0%; 不同风速条件下林网内空间变异系数分别与指数模型和高斯模型相拟合,林带内风速块金值较低,变程较大,具有强烈的空间自相关性和样本区间的合理性.

In order to study the comprehensive protective benefits of farmland shelterbelt networks against harmful winds in diffe-rent directions throughout a year,different wind directions(the angles to the main forest belt were 90.0°,67.5°,45.0°,22.5°,and 0°,respectively)and speeds(5.2 and 7.3 m/s)were observed in the field.The mathematical expectation values were calculated accor-ding to the occurrence frequency of the wind at each wind direction,simulated by Kriging interpolation,and the spatial autocorrelation of shelterbelt networks was analyzed using geostatistics.The results showed as following:1)Shelterbelt had a strong protective effect under winds of different directions.With a decrease in the angle between the wind direction and the main forest belt,the mean wind speed showed an increasing trend,and the windbreak efficiency reached 69.5%,66.2%,60.4%,59.8% and 50.1%,respectively.2)Windbreak efficiency under different speeds can reach more than 50%.The average effective protection area under low wind speed can reach 90.1%,while under high wind speed it is 44.0%.3)The spatial variability coefficients of the shelterbelt under different wind speed conditions can be fitted with an exponential model and a Gaussian model.The shelterbelt nugget of the wind was lower,its range was larger,and it had a strong spatial autocorrelation and rationality of the sample interval.

引言
1 研究区概况
2 观测点布设与观测方法
3 结果与分析
4 讨论
5 结论

表1 试验农田防护林网概况<br/>Tab.1 General situation of farmland shelterbelt networks

表1 试验农田防护林网概况
Tab.1 General situation of farmland shelterbelt networks

图1 防护林网内观测点示意图<br/>Fig.1 A schematic diagram of the observation sites in shelterbelt networks

图1 防护林网内观测点示意图
Fig.1 A schematic diagram of the observation sites in shelterbelt networks

图2 风向分区示意图<br/>Fig.2 A schematic diagram of the wind direction partitions

图2 风向分区示意图
Fig.2 A schematic diagram of the wind direction partitions

表2 防护林网内风速统计特征<br/>Tab.2 Characteristics of wind speed statistics in shelterbelt networks

表2 防护林网内风速统计特征
Tab.2 Characteristics of wind speed statistics in shelterbelt networks

图3 防护林网内不同风区风速频数的正态分布概率<br/>Fig.3 Normal frequency probabilities of wind speed in different partitions in shelterbelt networks

图3 防护林网内不同风区风速频数的正态分布概率
Fig.3 Normal frequency probabilities of wind speed in different partitions in shelterbelt networks

图4 平均风速数学期望值半方差分析<br/>Fig.4 Semi-variance analysis of mean wind velocity mathematical expectation

图4 平均风速数学期望值半方差分析
Fig.4 Semi-variance analysis of mean wind velocity mathematical expectation

表3 防护林网内风速变异函数参数<br/>Tab.3 Parameters of the variation function of wind velocity in shelterbelt networks

表3 防护林网内风速变异函数参数
Tab.3 Parameters of the variation function of wind velocity in shelterbelt networks

图5 不同风速条件下防护林网内防风效能模拟<br/>Fig.5 Simulation of windbreak efficiency in shelterbelt networks under different wind speeds

图5 不同风速条件下防护林网内防风效能模拟
Fig.5 Simulation of windbreak efficiency in shelterbelt networks under different wind speeds

表4 不同风速下防护林网内有效防护面积<br/>Tab.4 Effective protection area of shelterbetl networks under different wind speeds

表4 不同风速下防护林网内有效防护面积
Tab.4 Effective protection area of shelterbetl networks under different wind speeds

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备注

引言

1 研究区概况

2 观测点布设与观测方法

3 结果与分析

4 讨论

5 结论

学报简介

备注

引言