为研究复方中草药(内含葛根、黄连、金银花、板蓝根、黄芪、甘草、柴胡、当归、山楂、陈皮和茯苓)对白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)感染下凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)免疫特性的影响,分别将0(对照组),0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%和2.0%(质量分数)复方中草药添加到基础饲料中,连续投喂凡纳滨对虾28 d后,测定其生长指标及经WSSV感染0,12,24,48和96 h后免疫相关酶(总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT))的活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察感染192 h内的死亡情况.结果表明:经WSSV感染后,凡纳滨对虾的T-SOD、AKP、ACP、GOT在0～96 h内的酶活力表现为先升后降,其中在24～48 h内达到高峰期; 整个实验过程中,0.8%和1.2%添加组对虾的5种免疫相关酶活力均处于较高水平且较其余组稳定,而MDA含量较低且在24～48 h内与其余各组差异显著(p<0.05); 感染192 h时,0.8%添加组对虾的存活率最高((33.33±6.11)%),50%死亡时间最迟((150.50±48.88)h),对照组和0.4%添加组则全部死亡,并且50%死亡时间最早,死亡速率也最快.综上可见,复方中草药能提高对虾免疫性能和抗WSSV能力,其中0.8%添加量效果最佳.该结果可为复方中草药合理应用于凡纳滨对虾健康养殖提供科学依据.
To study effects of compound Chinese herbs(including Radix acutellariae,R. puerariae,Coptidis rhizome,Lonicera japonica,R. isatidis,Astragalus radix,R. glycyrrhize,R. bupleuri,Angelica sinensis,Crataegus pinnalifida,Pericarpium Citrusa reticulatae and Poria cocos)on immunologic factors and white spot syndrome virus(WSSV)-resistant capacity of Litopenaeus vannamei,shrimps were fed 28 d with basal diets supplemented with 0(control group),0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%,and 2.0% of compound Chinese herbs,respectively.Immunologic factors and death status were determined and observed at 0,12,24,48 and 96 h after infected with WSSV.The results showed that activities of superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP)and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT)firstly increased and then decreased during 0-96 h,which reached a peak during 24-48 h after infected with WSSV.Meanwhile,the activities of the four immunologic enzymes above as well as glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)of the 0.8% and 1.2% supplemental groups were kept at a high level and remained steady during the whole experiment.Moreover,the content of malonaldehyde(MDA)of the 0.8% and 1.2% supplemental groups was significantly lower than that in other groups in 24-48 h(p<0.05).After 192 h infected with WSSV,the highest survival rate(33.33%)and 50% death time(150.50±48.88 h)appeared in the 0.8% supplemental group,while the earliest 50% death time and the fastest 100% death rate of shrimps appeared in the control group and 0.4% supplemental group.In conclusion,compound Chinese herbs can promote immunity performance and WSSV-resistant ability of L. vannamei,among which the 0.8% supplemental groups showed the best effect.These results will provide scientific basis for reasonable use of the compound Chinese herbs for the healthy culture of L.vannamei.
