热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的老化机理

(厦门大学材料学院,福建 厦门 361005)

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体; 紫外光老化; 微波老化; 热氧老化; 老化机理

The Aging Mechanism of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer
YANG Hui,WANG Xiangpeng,ZHENG Jin,XUE Huiyun,DING Ling,LI Zhihui,ZOU Yousi*

(College of Materials,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU); UV irradiation aging; microwave aging; thermal oxidative aging; aging mechanism

DOI: 10.6043/j.issn.0438-0479.201611022

备注

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振波谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱3种表征方法,对热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)在紫外光老化、微波老化和热氧老化条件下的老化行为进行了研究,探讨了TPU的老化机理.研究结果表明:在微波老化和热氧老化中,TPU有着相同的老化机理,初期因热导致TPU样品的后熟化,使样品中残余的异氰酸酯与水解得到的伯胺反应生成脲基,并进一步反应生成缩二脲基团.延长微波老化时间至30 min后,大部分的TPU硬段分解,主产物为TPU链段组成之一的聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA).微波老化可明显加快热氧老化进程,TPU在微波下老化15 min等效于热氧老化600 h.TPU在紫外光下老化,其化学结构无明显变化,随老化时间的延长,氢键化的氨酯基增多,氢键含量增大,仅少量氨酯键断裂,生成烯胺,导致外观变黄.

In this investigation,FT-IR、1H-NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to study aging behaviors of a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU)as a result of UV irradiation,microwave and thermal oxidation,respectively.It was found that TPU exposed to microwave and thermal oxidation had the same aging mechanism.TPU had a post-curing at first,then isocyanurate groups reacted with the primary amine to form the carbamido,and further reacted to form biuret groups.In the presence of microwave for 30 min,the absorption of microwave induced degradation of TPU and formation of poly(butylene adipate)(PBA).The microwave aging was so efficient that TPU had the same changes after microwave aging for 15 min as those after thermal oxidative aging for 600 h.There were no structural changes of TPU caused by UV irradiation,except that the concentration of hydrogen-bonded urethane carbonyl groups had a tendency to higher values with increasing irradiation time.Moreover,formation of the enamine led to the yellowing of TPU.