简化基因组测序技术及其在海洋生物研究中的应用
边 力,王 军*

(厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建 厦门 361102)

简化基因组测序; 海洋生物; 基因分型; 限制性酶切位点相关DNA测序

The Reduced-representation Sequencing Technique and Its Applications in Marine Organisms
BIAN Li,WANG Jun*

(College of Ocean & Earth Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)

DOI: 10.6043/j.issn.0438-0479.201607015

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传统开发遗传标记的方法通常会消耗大量的人力、物力和时间,伴随着高通量测序技术的飞速发展,一种高效的标记开发技术即简化基因组测序技术开始得到广泛应用.简化基因组测序技术可以在一次实验中获得成千上万的遗传标记,建库过程简易,成本较低.其通过实验手段降低基因组的复杂度,仅对部分基因组进行测序,随后在该部分获得的基因组开发分子标记.基于酶切的简化基因组测序技术可分为三大类:简化代表库测序、限制性酶切位点相关DNA测序和低覆盖度的分型测序.在海洋生物研究中,简化基因组测序技术已被广泛应用于群体遗传学、系统进化学、适应性进化、遗传图谱构建及数量性状位点定位等研究领域.

Traditionally,methods of molecular marker development were expensive and involved iterative,time-consuming PCR process.With the rapid development of next generation sequencing,a very efficient marker development technique,reduced-representation sequencing,has been widely utilized in various research areas.The library construction protocol is simple with low cost.More-over,the reduced-representation sequencing could identify thousands of markers in only one sequencing process.It reduces the complexity of the genome,sequences the reduced genome and searches markers on this partial genome.The reduced-representation sequencing can be grouped into three classes:reduced-representation sequencing,restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq),and low coverage genotyping.This technique has been widely applied in population genetics,phylogenetics,adaptive evolution,linkage map and quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping studies in marine organisms.