《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》

为了解决药源海绵的供给问题,促进活性产物的挖掘和筛选,针对福建近海2种海绵:叶片山海绵(Mycale phyllophila)和苔海绵(Tedania sp.)的周年生长率以及生长模式开展了系统研究,旨在为实现药源海绵的规模化移植提供必要的实践依据.采用原位尼龙绳挂养的方式,对随机挑选的各30株海绵,每月进行生长数据的测量,并对海区水温进行周年高密度记录.其中苔海绵的观察时间为2012年7月至2013年8月,叶片山海绵的观察时间为2013年6月至2014年4月.结果表明:叶片山海绵的生长率与水温变化显著相关(p<0.05),在水温较高的6—9月生长迅速,长度增长率达到了(541.47±103.68)%,周长增长率达到了(53.76±87.03)%,其中周长增长率最高达到了229.63%; 而随着水温的降低,其生长受到明显抑制,并且过低的水温导致其死亡.苔海绵周年生长较缓慢,周长年生长率仅为(23.37±28.17)%,受海水水温影响不显著(p>0.05),在2013年8月出现最高周长生长率,增长率为93.88%; 长度年增长率为(546.45±201.98)%,最大的个体长度增长率出现在8月,达到了956.11%.2种海绵的生长模式相似,均是优先覆盖尼龙绳等附着基的表面,之后才开始向着增加厚度的方向发展.根据实验结果,在海区逐步出现海绵的季节,海绵的移植应该选择在水温开始升高的4—5月,叶片山海绵采用固定在绳索上的移植方式,苔海绵则采用网兜移植的方式,有望获得较理想的移植效果.

In order to solve the supply shortage of pharmaceutical sponges as well as to promote mining of active products and selection screening,our research focuses on studying the annual growth rate and growth pattern of two sponges,Mycale phyllophila and Tedania sp.,which are common species in coastal waters of Fujian.The aim of this study is to provide practical basis for achieving the scale transplantation of pharmaceutical sponge.We applied an approach of aquaculture in situ using nylon ropes and randomly picked up 30 individuals of sponges for cultivation.We recorded the growth data of every single individual,and the temperature and light automatic recorder was used to record the sea water temperature during the experiment.The experiment on Tedania sp. lasted for more than 12 months from July 2012 to August 2013,while the experiment on M. phyllophila lasted for about one year from June 2013 to April 2014.The result showed that the growth rate of M. phyllophila correlated significantly with sea water temperature(p<0.05).When the water temperature was relatively high from June to September in Fujian,they grew fast with the length growth rate up to(541.47±103.68)% and the perimeter growth rate up to 229.63%.The growth rate obviously curved down with the water temperature decreasing.Therefore,the extremely low temperature will be the main factor hampering the survival of sponges. In contrast, Tedania sp. grew slowly in one year with a perimeter growth rate of(23.37±28.17)%,on which sea water temperature made little influences(p>0.05).In August 2013,they grew fastest with the peak perimeter growth rate of 93.88%.The length growth rate was(546.45±201.98)%,and the largest individual had a length growth rate of 956.11%. The growth strategies of these two species are similar,and they prefer to occupying more growing space by covering the substrate before expanding their thickness.According to the results,we suggest that transplanting experiment on sponges should be done around April to May when the water temperature is warm enough for sponges to survive.For M. phyllophila,ropes are better substrate for transplanted individuals to grow while string bags are expected to be effective for Tedania sp. to survive.

引言
1 材料和方法
2 实验结果
3 讨论

图1 叶片山海绵移植块存活率与海水温度的关系<br/>Fig.1 The relationship between survival rates of M. phyllophila expalnts and water temperature

图1 叶片山海绵移植块存活率与海水温度的关系
Fig.1 The relationship between survival rates of M. phyllophila expalnts and water temperature

图2 单个叶片山海绵移植块的生长情况<br/>Fig.2 Growing process of single M. phyllophila explant

图2 单个叶片山海绵移植块的生长情况
Fig.2 Growing process of single M. phyllophila explant

图3 叶片山海绵移植块的周长、长度与水温间的关系<br/>Fig.3 Relationship among perimeters, lengths of M. phyllophila explants and water temperature

图3 叶片山海绵移植块的周长、长度与水温间的关系
Fig.3 Relationship among perimeters, lengths of M. phyllophila explants and water temperature

表1 叶片山海绵移植块生长情况<br/>Tab.1 Growth data of M. phyllophila explants

表1 叶片山海绵移植块生长情况
Tab.1 Growth data of M. phyllophila explants

图4 苔海绵移植块存活率与海水温度的关系<br/>Fig.4 The relationship between survival rates of Tedania sp. expalnts and water temperature

图4 苔海绵移植块存活率与海水温度的关系
Fig.4 The relationship between survival rates of Tedania sp. expalnts and water temperature

图5 单个苔海绵移植块的生长情况<br/>Fig.5 Growing progress of single Tedania sp. explant

图5 单个苔海绵移植块的生长情况
Fig.5 Growing progress of single Tedania sp. explant

表2 苔海绵生长情况<br/>Tab.2 Growth data of Tedania sp. explants

表2 苔海绵生长情况
Tab.2 Growth data of Tedania sp. explants

图6 苔海绵移植块的周长、长度与水温间的关系<br/>Fig.6 Relationship among perimeters,lengths of Tedania sp. explants and water temperature

图6 苔海绵移植块的周长、长度与水温间的关系
Fig.6 Relationship among perimeters,lengths of Tedania sp. explants and water temperature

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备注

引言

1 材料和方法

2 实验结果

3 讨论

学报简介

备注

引言

1 材料和方法

2 实验结果

3 讨 论

学报简介

3 讨论